What Is Quantum Computing?

Quantum computing is a classic example of interdisciplinary collaboration between information technology, computer science, and quantum physics. It is mainly used by scientists and researchers to solve large and complex problems in less time.

Quantum computers can solve billions of years' worth of computing problems in a matter of weeks. It is far more advanced than traditional computing and can solve problems ranging from improved drug discovery to an improved stock portfolio or even artificial intelligence.

An MCA Degree in Quantum Computing can help you harness the power of quantum computing. The scope of this field, as well as the demand for skilled professionals, is expanding rapidly. To excel in this field of technology, both theoretical and practical knowledge is required, as well as insights into the top new technology trends. 

What exactly is quantum computing?

Quantum computing is a multidisciplinary field that combines the essential aspects of Computer Science, Mathematics, and Physics and is based on quantum mechanics principles to solve complex problems faster than traditional computers.

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that studies the behaviour of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic particle levels. Classical computers use binary bits (0 or 1) to store and process information, whereas quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits, which can exist in multiple states at the same time. This gives us an introduction to quantum computing. 

Principles Terms Used in Quantum Computing

Quantum computing technology is a relatively new and complex field, with its own set of principles and terminology. Here are some of the key principles and terms of quantum computing:

• Quantum bits (qubits): In classical computing, bits are used to represent information as either a 0 or a 1. In quantum computing, qubits are used instead. Qubits can represent not just 0 and 1, but also a superposition of both states, allowing for more complex computations.
• Superposition: Superposition is a fundamental concept in quantum computing that allows qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously. This is achieved by manipulating the quantum state of a qubit using operations such as the Hadamard gate.
• Entanglement: Entanglement is another fundamental concept in quantum computing that allows two or more qubits to be correlated in such a way that their states cannot be described independently. This allows for powerful computations, such as quantum teleportation and quantum cryptography.
• Quantum gates: Quantum gates are the basic building blocks of quantum circuits, analogous to classical logic gates. They are used to manipulate the quantum state of qubits and perform computations.
• Quantum algorithms: Quantum algorithms are algorithms designed to run on quantum computers. Examples include Shor's algorithm for factoring large numbers and Grover's algorithm for searching unsorted databases.
• Quantum supremacy: Quantum supremacy is the term used to describe the ability of a quantum computer to solve a problem that is beyond the capabilities of classical computers. Google claimed to have achieved quantum supremacy in 2019, although this claim has been disputed by some researchers.
• Quantum error correction: Quantum error correction is a set of techniques used to mitigate the effects of noise and errors in quantum computing. These techniques are essential for building large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers.

How Do Quantum Computers Work? 

In quantum computing, quantum bits or qubits replace classical bits, and the principles of superposition and entanglement allow quantum computers to perform certain computations much faster than classical computers.

Here are the basic steps involved in the working of Quantum Computers -

1. Encoding data: Quantum computers use qubits to encode data, which can represent not just a 0 or a 1, but also a superposition of both states. This allows for a much larger number of possible states than classical bits, which can only be in one state at a time.
2. Preparation: In order to prepare the qubits, they must first be cooled down to very low temperatures, close to absolute zero. This is necessary to reduce the effects of noise and decoherence, which can cause errors in the computation.
3. Operations: Once the qubits are prepared, quantum gates are used to manipulate their quantum state. Quantum gates include operations such as the Hadamard gate, which puts the qubit into a superposition of states, and the CNOT gate, which entangles two qubits.
4. Measurement: Finally, the qubits are measured to extract the result of the computation. Measurement causes the superposition of the qubits to collapse into a definite state, either a 0 or a 1.

One of the most important aspects of quantum computing is the ability to perform certain computations much faster than classical computers. For example, Shor's algorithm can factor large numbers exponentially faster than any known classical algorithm, which has important implications for cryptography. Grover's algorithm can also be used to search unsorted databases much faster than classical algorithms.

However, quantum computers are still in their early stages of development and are currently limited by several factors, including the difficulty of maintaining the coherence of the qubits and the challenge of scaling up to larger numbers of qubits. Nonetheless, quantum computing has the potential to revolutionise many fields, including cryptography, machine learning, and drug discovery.

MCA in Quantum Computing

MCA (Master of Computer Applications) in Quantum Computing is a specialized postgraduate program that combines the principles of quantum mechanics with computer science. The program is designed to provide students with a strong foundation in both quantum computing and classical computing.

Here are some of the key features and benefits of an MCA Degree in Quantum Computing- 

• Curriculum: The curriculum of an MCA in Quantum Computing typically includes courses such as Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information Theory, Quantum Algorithms, Quantum Cryptography, and Quantum Error Correction. The program also covers traditional computer science topics such as Programming, Data Structures, Algorithms, and Operating Systems.
• Hands-on experience: Many MCA programs provide students with hands-on experience in quantum computing through lab work and research projects. Students may also have the opportunity to work on real-world problems in fields such as cryptography, finance, and drug discovery.
• Eligibility Criteria: Applicants must have a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Information Technology, Mathematics, or a related field from a recognized university. The minimum required percentage may vary, but it is usually around 50-60%. You also may have to appear for an entrance exam such as the Common Management Admission Test (CMAT) or the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) to be eligible for the program. 
• Average Course Fee and Salary Stats: The average course fee of this MCA specialisation is around 1 Lakh per year. The median salary package of a Quantum Computing professional is around 17 Lakh per year in India. 

Top Colleges Offering Degrees in Quantum Computing

Here are some top colleges in India that offer MCA or M.Tech Degrees in Quantum Computing-

Name of the college	Course Fee	Average Salary Package
Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore	₹ 29,200 (1st Year Fees)	₹ 18.4 LPA
University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad	₹ 51,485 (1st Year Fees)	₹ 5.6 LPA
Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Allahabad	₹ 2.58 Lakhs (Total Fees)	₹ 35 LPA
Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT), Sikkim	₹ 3.00 Lakhs (Total Fees)	₹ 5.7 LPA
Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore	₹ 1,40,000 (Total Fees)	₹ 8.19 LPA

Scope of Quantum Computing

The scope of quantum computing is vast and holds great promise for solving some of the most challenging problems in various fields. Here are some of the key areas where quantum computing is expected to make significant contributions:

• Cryptography: Quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize cryptography, making it possible to create unbreakable encryption methods.
• Optimisation: It can solve optimisation problems that are too complex for classical computers, with applications in finance, logistics, and supply chain management.
• Simulation: It can simulate complex systems, such as biological and chemical systems, with the potential to revolutionize drug discovery and materials science.
• Machine Learning: It can improve the speed and accuracy of machine learning algorithms, enabling better predictions and insights.
• Artificial Intelligence: It can enable the development of new AI algorithms and accelerate existing ones, leading to better decision-making and problem-solving capabilities.
• Quantum sense: It can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of sensing devices, with applications in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and defence.
• Quantum communication: It can enable secure communication with unbreakable encryption, leading to more secure communication networks.

Job Prospects of Quantum Computing in India 

Quantum computing is a rapidly growing field with many opportunities for professionals in India. It is also one of the best-paying jobs in technology with average salary stats  Here are some of the job prospects in Quantum Computing in India:

• Research and Development: With many leading research institutes such as the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), and the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) focusing on quantum computing, there are many opportunities for researchers and developers to work on cutting-edge projects.
• Academia: As quantum computing is a relatively new field, there is a need for trained professionals to teach and train the next generation of researchers and developers.
• Industry: There are many applications of quantum computing in various industries such as finance, healthcare, cybersecurity, and transportation. Companies such as IBM, Google, Microsoft, and Amazon are investing heavily in quantum computing, creating many opportunities for professionals in India.
• Start-ups: India is home to a growing number of quantum computing start-ups, offering opportunities for professionals to work on innovative projects and make an impact in the field.
• Consulting: With the rapid growth of quantum computing, there is a need for consultants who can advise companies on the potential benefits and applications of the technology.

Conclusion

Quantum computing is an emerging field in technology and seeks skilled professionals who have spectacular portfolios and outstanding technical skills. We at Sunstone can help you gain expertise in the field and also build a professional portfolio.  As technology continues to evolve and grow, we provide a plethora of opportunities to make students set their mark in the field with lifetime access to a pan-India student community where people provide you with necessary insights into the industry. 

FAQ- Quantum Computing 

What is “Quantum” in Quantum Computing? 

“Quantum” in quantum computing refers to a revolutionary Quantum Theory of Physics and Chemistry which explains the counterintuitive behaviour of subatomic particles, most importantly the phenomenon of entanglement.

What is an example of using quantum computing?

Applications of Quantum Computing-

• Used to improve the efficiency of batteries in electric vehicles. 
• Used for cybersecurity 
• Used in storing large computing servers in high-altitude areas. 

Who invented quantum computing?

Quantum Computing was invented by a German Physicist, David Deutsch. His purpose was to prove the existence of universes while doing so.